LESSON 7

LESSON 7
LARGE SCALE RETAILERS

Objectives of the lesson
1. The pupil understand the classification of large scale retailers
2. The pupils understand the functions of large scale retailers.
3. The pupil differentiate different type of large scale retail traders
4 The pupil develops the skill of observation and classifying different types of      large scale retailers

PHASES

Anticipatory set Or Introduction

The topic large scale retail trade is presented with examples and explanations, this topic is generally easy to study.  So study the lesson carefully.

Input/ Procedure

The lesson is presented in different stages.
1. Lesson is given with explanations and examples.
2. For checking understanding, small multiple choice questions are given
3. In guided practice, answers with explanations for previous stages is given
4. For independent practice open ended questions are given with closure of the lesson
5. Correct answers for the question in independent practice is given

Large scale retailers sell goods in small quantities.  But the volume ad the variety of goods that he is dealing is large.  Different types of large scale retailers are:
a. Departmental store
b. Multiple shop
c. Mail  order Business
d. Consumer co-operative store
e. Super bazaar
f. Franchise

Departmental store
It is a large scale shop selling a wide variety of goods in different departments under one roof and one management. Each department deals in separate line of goods.

Features

• It is a large scale retail organization
• A number of retail shops in the same building
• A wide variety of product are available under one roof
• The product are arranged in separate departments
• It is placed in central place of a big city
• Management, control and sales are centralized

Advantages

• Central location
• Shopping convenience
• Economies of large scale
• Automatic mutual advertisement
• Consumer service
• Employment of experts
• Risk distribution
• Large financial resources

Limitations

• High operating cost
• High prices
• Location disadvantages’
• Lack of personal attention
• Huge capital investment
• Unwieldy size
• Excessive advertisement expenses

Multiple shops or Chain stores
Multiple shop or chain store is a system of branch shops operated under a centralized management and dealing in similar line of goods.  Branches of the shop are located through out the nation or in specific arras of a nation.  Each branch operates under the same name and management.  They specialize in one or two line of goods.  The goods required by the branches are supplied by the head office.  The branches are merely sell the goods at the prices fixed by the head office on cash basis.  In a multiple shop there is uniformity in advertisement, window display and interior display of goods.
E.g.  Bata shoe company, Usha Sewing machines, etc.

Advantages

• Economies of  buying
• Cash sales
• Economies in advertising
• Business risk
• Centralized control
• Quick turnover
• Better location
• Low cost of operation
• Public confidence
• Uniform displays

Disadvantages

• Limited choice
• No credit facilities
• Lack of initiative
• Individual tastes no satisfied
• No personal contact
• Risk due to change in fashion, tastes etc

Mail Order Business
It is a form of retailing where orders for goods are received by mail, goods are delivered by mail and payment is also made by mail.  It is also known as shopping by post.

Advantages

• Limited capital
• Convenience in buying
• Avoidance of middleman
• Lowe cost
• Avoidance of overstocking of goods
• Wide scope

Limitations

• Heavy expenses on advertising
• Absence of personal contact
• No personal inspection
• Not suitable for all items
• Delay in delivery
• Absence of credit facilities
• No after sales services

Consumer co-operative store
It is a retail store formed by the consumers on the basis of the principles of co-operation.  The society enrolls members either from the general public or particular groups like the employees of an organization.

Advantages

• Provides consumer goods  at reasonable price
• No possibility of bad debts
• Trade discounts are available as purchases are made in bulk
• Reasonable marketing costs
• Helps to check monopoly and wasteful competition

Disadvantages

• Low finance
• Lack of proper business training or expertise
• Lack of proper warehousing
• Caters to small and medium income groups

Super Bazaar Or Super Markets
It is a retail store which sells a wide variety of consumer goods.  Absence of middleman is the main features of the store.  It is also known as self service store


Advantages

• Low prices and high profits
• Freedom to select the goods
• Economies of large scale operations
• Essentials goods are available
• Convenient location
• No risk of bad debts
• Saves the time of the customer

Disadvantages

• Difficult to get large premises at central places
• Lack of personal advance of salesmen
• No credit facilities
• Lack of personal contact

Franchises
Franchise is an agreement between two parties viz franchiser (parent company) and franchisee (owner of an individual business unit).  Franchiser may be a manufacturer, wholesaler and or service organization.  The franchisee buys the right to own and operate a unit using the franchisers trade mark.

Modeling

Department Stores (picture)

Super Market (picture)

Checking for Understanding
1. Multiple shops are also known as---------
(Self service store, Chain stores)
2. There is no shop assistant in --------------
(Super bazaar, Departmental stores)
3. Bata Shoe Company is an example of--------
(Multiple shop, super bazaar)
4. Super market is also called as-------
(Super market, Chain stores)

Guided Practice
Answers

Independent practice And closure of the lesson
Answer the following questions by yourself. If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go to another file and see whether your answer are correct

1. What are the features of departmental store?
2. State the advantages of super market?
3. What are the disadvantages of chain stores?
4. What is franchise?

Answers

LESSON 6

LESSON 6
TYPES OF FIXED SHOP RETAILERS
The objectives of the lesson

1. The pupil understood the concept of retail trade
2. The pupil differentiates the itinerant traders and fixed shop retailers
3. The pupil synthesis the knowledge that fixed shop retail trade and itinerant trade varies from its functions and dealings
4. The pupil synthesis the functions of fixed shop retailers

PHASES

Anticipatory set / Introduction
The students understood the concept of itinerant retailers with the help of different examples.  The student will be able to understand various types itinerant of retail trade.  The student compares the fixed shop retailers and itinerant retails with suitable examples.

Input/procedure
Teacher presents the lesson in different steps.
1. Teacher explains the content in series of small steps
2. Teacher checks the understanding of students with the help of multiple choice questions
3. Teacher explains the content once again through   guided practice
4. Teacher makes a closure of lesson through independent practice

There are two types of fixed shop retailers
1. Small scale retailers and
2. Large scale retailers

Small Scale Retailer
The small scale retailers run their business on a small scale and deal in a limited line of goods.  They generally locate their shops in market or residential areas. These retail shops are of the following types
a. General stores
b. Single line stores
c. Specialty shops
d. Street shops
e. Second had goods shop

General stores

These are small scale retail shops selling all general items of goods required by the local customers.  They stock wide variety of goods which are needed in the course of everyday life like groceries, stationery, edible oil, soft drinks etc. they provide credit facilities and other services to regular customers.  Limited choice is one of the limitations of these stores.


Specialty shops
Speciality shops specialize in a single product of a certain line.  Shops dealing in children’s books or kids wear instead of all types of books or garments are examples of specialty shops.  These shops have to be located in central places.

Street shops
 These shops are generally located at street crossing or in the main street.  They are also known as street stalls.  They usually display their goods on a table stand or by fixing a shelf on a wall.  Low priced articles such as pen, story books, magazines, etc are sold in these stalls.

Second had goods shop
These retailers deal in second hand goods such as books, furniture’s, clothes and other household articles.  People who cannot afford to by new articles, generally becomes their customers.  These traders often, stock rare objects of historical value and antique items.

Modeling

Checking for Understanding
1. -------------- Stores in a particular line of product
(General stores, single line stores)

2 .Specialty shops specializes in a --------- of certain line
(Single product, large amount of product)

3.Street shops are also known as--------------
(General stores, Street stalls)

Guided Practice

Answers

Independent Practice
Answer the following questions by yourself. If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go to another file and see whether your answer are correct

1. What is general store?
2. Write a short note on single line stores?
3. Explain street shops?
4. Write about second hand goods shops?

Answers

LESSON 5

LESSON 5 : TYPES OF ITINERANT TRADERS

Objectives of the lesson
1. The pupil understands the classification of retail trade.
2. The pupil acquires knowledge about itinerant traders
3. The pupil analyses different types of itinerant traders
4. The pupil differentiate different types of itinerant traders
5. The pupil evaluates synthesis the knowledge about the itinerant traders.

Phases

Anticipatory set or Introduction

The teacher present the lesson itinerant traders with the Help of visuals.  The students try to learn the lesson using The visuals and examples.

Input / Procedure

Teacher presents the lesson in different steps
1. The lesson is prepared with the help of visuals and Examples
2. Small questions are given for checking understanding.
3. Answers for the questions is given
4. Independent practice is given with the closure of the Lesson
5. Correct answers of the question in the independent Practice is given

Modeling

Itinerant traders are found in all cities towns as well as Villages.  The most common type of such traders is; Now we can see different types of itinerant traders

Hawkers and peddlers
Hawkers are traders who carry their products on wheeled carts or bicycles, whereas peddlers carry their products on their back or head or baskets or shoulder bags.  They move from door to door in residential areas and call out the names of articles they are usually they deal in vegetables, fruits ice creams magazines newspapers etc.

Hawkers (picture):

Pedler (picture):

Market traders
These traders sell their activities on fixed days in different market places.  They come with periodicity.  They include those traders who set up stalls at meals or fairs and exhibitions.

Street traders
These traders generally arrange their wares at busy street. Corners or pavement of busy street of big cities or nearer railways stations, cinema hall, commercial areas etc.  These retailers generally deal in low period product of common use like readymade garments, hand kerchiefs, towels, stationary, magazines, newspapers etc.

Cheap Jacks
These types of traders do not stick to a particular place of business.  They, usually hire small shops centrally located in residential areas.  Depending upon the scope for sales, they keep on shifting from one locality to another.  But change of place is not as frequent as in the case of hawkers, peddlers or market traders.  They also deal in cheap consumer items like fruits, vegetables, readymade garments etc.

Cheap Jacks (picture):

Check for Understanding    
1. -------------- Traders sell their articles on fixed days in different market place.
2. ---------------- Carry their goods on wheeled carts  
3.Street traders generally arrange their goods wares at -----
4. ---------- hire small shops, centrally located in residential areas.

Guided practice
Answers

Independent practice And closure of the lesson 

Answer the following questions by yourself. If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go to another file and see whether your answer are correct

1. What is a cheap jack?
2. Write a note on hawkers and peddlers?
3. Explain different types of itinerant traders?

Answers

LESSON 4

LESSON TRANSCRIPT 4 : SERVICES OF RETAILERS

The objectives of the lesson
1. The pupil acquires the knowledge of retail trade.
2. The pupil analyses various services of retailer to manufacturers an wholesalers
3. The pupil analyses various services of retailer to consumers
4. The pupil evaluate and make influence on the various services of wholesale trade and retail trade

PHASES

Anticipatory set/ Introduction

1. The teacher presents the lesson in small steps
2. The teacher guides the students to learn the lesson with Divergent questions
3. The teacher explains the questions through guided Practice
4. The students learn the lessons through thought provoking Questions without the help of the teacher

Input/procedure

Teacher presents the lesson
• Providing an out let for goods:
Retailers provide a ready market or outlet for goods produced by the manufactures
• Popularize new product
New product are popularized by arranging for window display, exhibition etc. Thus the manufacturer is relieved of the marketing worries and enables him to concentrate on production
• Providing information
The retailer being in close touch with the ultimate consumers is in a position to give reliable market information to the manufacturer.  This enables him to adjust his production activity.
• Enable large scale operation
Manufacturing and wholesalers are able to carry on these activities on large scale.  This is because of distribution of goods.

SERVICES TO CUSTOMERS
• Ready stock
The retailer keeps ready stock of product needed by the consumers.  In his absence consumers have to take the trouble of storing their requirement
• New product information
The retailer brings new product and new varieties to the consumers by proper display and also canvassing through his sale assistance
• Freedom to buy in small quantities
The retailer provide their customers the facility of buying goods in small quantities according to their requirement and ability
• Provide choice
The retailer keeps stock of various varieties of a product produced by different product

Modeling

Check for Understanding

1. Retailers popularize the product by arranging-------------?
(Window display, reducing quality)
2. Capital required for retail trade is -----------?
(Huge capital, less capital)
3. Retailer deals goods in----------------?
(Large quantity, small quantity)

Guided practice

Answers

 Independent Practice and Closure of the Lesson.

Answer the following questions by you. If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go to another file and see whether your answers are correct

1. What are the services of retailer to customers?
2. What are the services of retailer to the manufacturers and wholesalers?

Answers

LESSON 3

LESSON TRANSCRIPT 3 : RETAIL TRADE

The objectives of the lesson

1. The pupil understood the concept of retail trade
2. The pupil differentiate the retail trade with wholesale trade
3. The pupil synthesis the knowledge that retail trade and wholesale trade varies from its functions and dealings
4. The pupil synthesis the functions of wholesale trade

PHASES

Anticipatory set / Introduction

The students understood the concept of retail trade with the help of different examples.  The student will be able to understand the important functions of retail trade.  The student compares the wholesale trade and retail trade with suitable examples.

Input/procedure

Teacher presents the lesson in different steps.
1. Teacher explains the content in series of small steps
2. Teacher checks the understanding of students with the help of multiple choice questions
3. Teacher explains the content once again through guided practice
4. Teacher makes a closure of lesson through independent practice

RETAIL TRADE

Retail Trade means trade includes all actions directly related to sale of goods or services to ultimate consumers for consumption.  The word “retail” is derived from the French word “cut off” in small quantities.

Simply retailer buys goods from wholesaler cut them into small pieces or units and sells them to the consumers.

He stocks wide variety of goods to meet the requirements of his customers.

Retailers being directly and intimately in touch with the consumers.  He is the last link in the chain connecting the producer and consumer.

In retailing goods may be sold to a consumer at a store or on the street or at the residence of consumers or through mail.

Functions of retailer

1. Assembling goods
Collect different varieties of goods and hold different and adequate stock of the same.  He knows the customers precisely and buys from the best and cheapest way

2. Provide market information
A retailer has direct personal touch with the customers.  Here they are very helpful in providing market information

3. Conventional location
Retailer locates their business in safe and convenient places generally nearest to the residential areas.

4. Financing
Provide credit facilities to their regular customers.

5. Personal and after sale service

Modeling

Shows the pictures of famous retail shops and dealings of Retail shops.

Shows the examples of wholesale shop and retail shop simultaneously

Checking for Understanding
1. _____ being directly in touch with consumers?
Wholesaler, Retailer)
2. The word retail trade is derived from the French word     _______?     (Cut off, Cut on)
3. The retailer buys goods from___________?
(Producer, Wholesaler)
4. Retailer locates their business in convenient place.
(Yes, No)

Guided Practice

Answers

Independent practice And closure of the Lesson                    
Answer the following questions by yourself.
If you want to check whether it is right or wrong, You can go to another file and see whether your answers are correct

1. What is retail trade?
2. What are the features of retail trade?
3. What are the main functions of retail trade?

Answers

LESSON 2

LESSON 2 : SERVICES OF WHOLESALER

The objectives of the lesson

1. The pupil acquires the knowledge of wholesalers

2. The students understand the services of wholesalers to manufactures

3. The pupil understand the services of wholesalers to retailers

4. The pupil evaluates the services of wholesalers.

Anticipatory set/ Introduction

In the earlier class you have learned about wholesaler trade and wholesaler. Here we can learn about the various services provided by the wholesaler.

Input/Procedure

1.The teacher present the lesson in small steps

2. The teacher guides the students to learn the lesson with Divergent questions.

3. The teacher explains the questions through guided practice

4. Students learn the lessons through thought provoking questions without the help of the teacher.

Wholesaler provides valuable services to the manufactures and retailers by filling the gap between the seller and the buyer.

Modeling

SERVICES TO WHOLESALERS

Provide ready market: the manufacturer produces goods in large quantities. As they buy in large orders for the purchase of goods, the manufactures is relieved from the trouble of finding out marker for his goods

Concentration on production: Wholesaler collects small orders from the number of retailers and place bulk orders in advance. In the absence wholesales, the producer has to deal with numerous retailers. The causes much expenses and delay to the producer.

Provide finance: Wholesaler purchase goods in large quantities and make immediate payments. It enables the manufactures to continue the production without interpretation.

Economies of scale: As the wholesaler place bulk orders, the manufactures are able to undertake production on a large scale by using modern technology

Regulate Production: Wholesalers have constant touch with retailers. Hence they get regulate information regarding the change in taste, fashion and demand of the consumers. Such changes are indicated by the orders placed by the wholesalers.

SERVICES TO RETAILERS

Provide credit facilities: The retailers may not have sufficient capital to stock different varieties of goods. The wholesalers providing credit facilities to the retailers assist him in managing his business with very little capital

Warehousing: Due to lack of capital and limited storage facilities, the retailers cannot hold large quantities of different varieties of goods. The wholesalers stock the goods and supply them as and when they are required.

Warehousing (picture):

Sources of supply: A retailer is required to maintain a large variety of goods in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of the customers. Wholesalers help his by supplying goods relatively at regular interval in small quantities.

Expert advice: A wholesaler is an expert and specialist in his line of business. Hence, he is in a position to advice the retailers on important matters such as quality, durability, price and timing of purchase etc.

Risk taking: The wholesalers by holding large quantities of goods assume the risk of spoilage or damage of goods price fluctuations etc.

Check for Understanding

1. The wholesaler provide ----------- facility for storing the Varieties of goods

(Warehousing, location)

2. Wholesaler provides credit facility to retailers………?

(True, False) 

3. The wholesaler is the last link in the chain of distribution of goods.

 (True, False) 

Guided practice

Answers

Independent practice And closure of the lesson

Answer the following questions by you.

If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go to another file and see whether your answers are correct

1. What are the services provided by the wholesaler to the Manufacturer?

2. What are the services provided by the wholesaler to the retailer?

Answers

LESSON 1

LESSON 1 : WHOLESALE TRADE

The objectives of the study

1. The pupil acquires the knowledge of wholesale trade
2. The pupil understand the functions of wholesaler
3. The pupil analyses various wholesale trade practices and its features
4. The pupil evaluate and inference on the wholesale trade and its functions

Anticipatory set/ Introduction

In the earlier classes itself you have learned about trade and various type of trade
Here the lesson is prepared in different phases

Input/Procedure

The teacher present the lesson in small steps
The teacher guides the students to learn the Lesson with divergent questions
The teacher explains the questions through guided practice
Students learn the lessons through thought provoking questions without the help o the teacher

Wholesale trade means buying goods in large quantities from manufactures or producers and selling them in smaller quantities the retailers.
One who deals in wholesale trade is known as wholesaler or wholesale dealer. He is the connecting link between retailer and producers

Modeling

FUNCTIONS OF WHOLESALER
Buying and Assembling
Warehousing
Grading and packing
Breaking the bulk
Fixing the prices
Transportation
Risk bearing
Financing
Providing information about the goods

The wholesaler buys and assembles goods from different manufactures and keeps them in stock for sale to retailers.
The goods assembled are kept in warehouses during the intervals between production and consumption.

Grading and packing: After assembling the goods are sorted out on the basis of quality and size. This is called grading they are packed in attractive packages of convenient size.
The prices fixed by the wholesalers provide a basis on which the retailers determine the retail price.
As they buy in large quantities transportation is done more economically. Goods are moved from the place of production to the warehouses and from there to the retailer.

Risk bearing: Risk arising out of change in demand, spoilage destruction of goods by fire, theft, etc in the course of transportation or storage.
The wholesaler purchases goods on cash basis from the manufactures and sells them to the retailers on credit basis.
They collect information about the market conditions for the benefit of the producers.

Check for understanding

1. One who deals in wholesale trade is known as _________
(Wholesaler, Retailer)

2. _________ is the first link of intermediary in the chain of distribution of goods
(Wholesaler, Producer)

3. Wholesaler organized on a _________ of business.
(Large scale, Small scale)

4. Wholesaler deals in ________of goods
(Large quantity, small quantity)

Guided Practice

Answers

Answer the following questions by yourself. If you want to check whether it is correct or wrong, you can go another file and see whether your answers are correct.

Independent practice

And closure of the lesson
1.What is wholesale trade?
2. Name any three features of wholesale trade?
3. What are the features of wholesale trade?
4. Wholesale trade links _______and _________?

Answers